The rare earth element (REE) facilities sought in this FOA will target two different scales: 1) intermediate-scale on the order of 30-100 metric tons (t)14,15 Mixed Rare Earth Oxides/Salts (MREO/MRES) per year, or 2) demonstration-scale of 1-3 t MREO/MRES per day. Both scales should require concentrate purity at a minimum of 75 weight percent (wt%) with a preference towards 98wt% or greater and subsequently processed to individual or binary separated REO or RES at >90% concentration by weight, culminating in the production of market-grade REM that is generally 99.9% by weight or greater, pending supply chain specifications. A majority (greater than 50% by weight) of MREO/MRES must be extracted from coal-based feedstocks. DOE intends that this first-generation, first-of-a-kind REE Facility will utilize conventional separations technologies, and unconventional coal and coal by-products as feedstock resources. The REE facility will have the capability of extracting, separating, and refining REE and CMM from at least one coal-based source, but it may have the capability to process materials from multiple feedstock resources, demonstrating the capabilities of feedstock flexibility. REE recovery will be the primary focus of the facility with the preferred co-recovery of other CMM as permitted; however, CMM recovery (without REE recovery) is not the focus.